Two lightbulbs in series

Doubling the length of a resistor is like putting two resistors in series. The resistance is doubled.

Question:

If two identical lightbulbs are placed in series, how do their brightnesses compare with the brightness of a single bulb?

Solution: Taken as a whole, the pair of bulbs act like a doubled dresistance, so they will draw half as much current from the wall. Each bulb will be dimmer than a single bulb would have been.

The total power dissipated by the circuit is IΔV. The voltage drop across the whole circuit is the same as before, but the current is halved, so the two-bulb circuit draws half as much total power as the one-bulb circuit. Each bulb draws one-quarter of the normal power.

Roughly speaking, we might expect this to result in one quarter the light being produced by each bulb, but in reality lightbulbs waste quite a high percentage of their power in the form of heat and wavelengths of light that are not visible (infrared and ultraviolet). Less light will be produced, but it's hard to predict exactly how much less, since the efficiency of the bulbs will be changed by operating them under different conditions.