Conventions Used in This Book

Italic is used for pathnames, filenames, program names, new terms where they are defined, newsgroup names, and Internet addresses, such as domain names, URLs, and email addresses.

Constant width is used to show code, commands, HTML tags, and computer-generated output.

Constant width bold is used in examples to show commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.

Constant width italic is used in code fragments and examples to show variables for which a context-specific substitution should be made. The variable email address, for example, would be replaced by an actual email address.