Electrical Engineering is a free introductory textbook to the basics of electrical engineering. See the editorial for more information....



Circuit With Inductance and Resistance Only

Author: E.E. Kimberly

Fig. 8-11. Current Transient in RL Circuit

In a circuit containing only R and L, as in Fig. 8-11 (a), let the circuit be closed at any time t, as in Fig. 8-11 (b), corresponding to the angle ϕ after the voltage v is zero and about to rise in a positive sense. The initial current will be zero, inasmuch as the circuit contains inductance which will prevent an instantaneous rise of current. The initial current may be thought of as being composed of a steady-state component iss and a transient component it which are equal and opposite immediately after the circuit is closed. Thus,

ee_101-1.png

Therefore, and is negative at t=0. The angle ϕ is

ee_101-2.png

.

The transient current it is of the same magnitude but is positive in sign when t = 0.

The condition for dynamic stability is

from which

ee_101-4.png

The total current is

ee_101-5.png

When t = 0, i = 0 and the equation becomes

and

Therefore,

ee_101-6.png (8-17)

Example 8-4. - A circuit having the constants R = 100 ohms and L = 0.5 henry is switched to a 60-cycle supply of 220 volts at the instant when the voltage is zero

ee_101-7.png

. What will be the magnitude of the current 0.00417 second after the circuit is closed?

Solution. - In equation (8-17), Vm = 310, Z = 213.6, ω = 377, ϕ = 0, θ = 62°, and t=0.00417. Hence,

ee_101-8.png




Last Update: 2010-10-06